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Molarity of Concentrated Reagents<br> With tabulated dilutions to make 1 Molar Solutions of common reagents {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="2" border="1" bgcolor="#dddddd" |- | width="207" bgcolor="#88aabb" align="center" rowspan="2" | <div align="center">Concentrated Reagents</div> | width="86" bgcolor="#88aabb" align="center" rowspan="2" | <div align="center">Density</div> | width="52" bgcolor="#88aabb" align="center" rowspan="2" | <div align="center">Molarity<br> (M)</div> | width="72" bgcolor="#88aabb" align="center" rowspan="2" | <div align="center">Normality<br> (N)</div> | width="112" bgcolor="#88aabb" align="center" colspan="2" | <div align="center">Volume (mL)<br> required to<br> make 1000 mL<br> solution:</div> |- | width="56" bgcolor="#88aabb" align="center" | <div align="center">1M</div> | width="56" bgcolor="#88aabb" align="center" | <div align="center">1N</div> |- | width="207" bgcolor="#ccddee" | Acetic acid 99.5% | width="86" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center"> 1.05</div> | width="52" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">17.4 </div> | width="72" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">17.4 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">57.5 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">57.5</div> |- | width="207" bgcolor="#eeeeff" | Ammonia 35% | width="86" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">0.880 </div> | width="52" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">18.1</div> | width="72" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">18.1 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">55.3</div> | width="54" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">55.3</div> |- | width="207" bgcolor="#ccddee" | Ammonia 25% | width="86" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">0.910 </div> | width="52" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">13.4 </div> | width="72" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">13.4 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">74.6 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">74.6</div> |- | width="207" bgcolor="#eeeeff" | Hydrochloric acid 36% | width="86" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">1.18 </div> | width="52" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">11.65</div> | width="72" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">11.65 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">85.8 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">85.8</div> |- | width="207" bgcolor="#ccddee" | Hydrochloric acid 32% | width="86" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">1.16 </div> | width="52" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">10.2 </div> | width="72" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">10.2 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">98.0 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">98.0</div> |- | width="207" bgcolor="#eeeeff" | Hydrofluoric acid 40% | width="86" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">1.13 </div> | width="52" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">22.6 </div> | width="72" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">22.6 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">44.2 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">44.2</div> |- | width="207" bgcolor="#ccddee" | Nitric acid 70% | width="86" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">1.42 </div> | width="52" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">15.8 </div> | width="72" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">15.8 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">63.3 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">63.3</div> |- | width="207" bgcolor="#eeeeff" | Perchloric acid 60% | width="86" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">1.54 </div> | width="52" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">9.2 </div> | width="72" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center"> 9.2 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">108.7</div> | width="54" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">108.7</div> |- | width="207" bgcolor="#ccddee" | Perchloric acid 70% | width="86" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">1.67 </div> | width="52" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">11.6 </div> | width="72" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">11.6 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">86.2 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">86.2</div> |- | width="207" bgcolor="#eeeeff" | Orthophosphoric acid 85% | width="86" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">1.7 </div> | width="52" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">15.2 </div> | width="72" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">45.6 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">65.8 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">21.9</div> |- | width="207" bgcolor="#ccddee" | Sodium hydroxide 47% | width="86" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">1.5 </div> | width="52" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">17.6 </div> | width="72" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">17.6 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">56.7 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#ccddee" align="center" | <div align="center">56.7</div> |- | width="207" bgcolor="#eeeeff" | Sulfuric acid 98% | width="86" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">1.84 </div> | width="52" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">18.4</div> | width="72" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">36.8 </div> | width="54" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">54.3</div> | width="54" bgcolor="#eeeeff" align="center" | <div align="center">27.2</div> |} {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" border="1" bgcolor="#dddddd" |- | bgcolor="#88aabb" rowspan="2" | Concentrated<br> Reagent | bgcolor="#88aabb" rowspan="2" | <div align="center">Formula<br> Weight </div> | bgcolor="#88aabb" rowspan="2" | <div align="center">Density</div> | bgcolor="#88aabb" rowspan="2" | <div align="center">Approx. Strength</div> | bgcolor="#88aabb" rowspan="2" | <div align="center">Molarity<br> (M)</div> | bgcolor="#88aabb" rowspan="2" | <div align="center">Normality<br> (N)</div> | bgcolor="#88aabb" align="center" colspan="2" | <div align="center">Volume (mL)<br> required to<br> make 1000 mL<br> solution </div> |- | width="56" bgcolor="#88aabb" align="center" | <div align="center">1 M</div> | width="56" bgcolor="#88aabb" align="center" | <div align="center">1 N</div> |- bgcolor="#ccddee" | Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) | <div align="center">60.052</div> | <div align="center">1.05</div> | <div align="center">99.8%</div> | <div align="center">17.4</div> | <div align="center">17.4</div> | <div align="center">57.5</div> | <div align="center">57.5</div> |- bgcolor="#eeeeff" | Formic Acid (HCOOH) | <div align="center">46.026</div> | <div align="center">1.13</div> | <div align="center">90%</div> | <div align="center">23.6</div> | <div align="center">23.6</div> | <div align="center">42.5</div> | <div align="center">42.5</div> |- bgcolor="#ccddee" | Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) | <div align="center">36.461</div> | <div align="center">1.18</div> | <div align="center">37.2%</div> | <div align="center">12.1</div> | <div align="center">12.1</div> | <div align="center">82.5</div> | <div align="center">82.5</div> |- bgcolor="#eeeeff" | Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) | <div align="center">20.006</div> | <div align="center">1.19</div> | <div align="center">49%</div> | <div align="center">28.9</div> | <div align="center">28.9</div> | <div align="center">34.5</div> | <div align="center">34.5</div> |- bgcolor="#ccddee" | Nitric Acid (HNO3) | <div align="center">63.013</div> | <div align="center">1.41</div> | <div align="center">69.6%</div> | <div align="center">15.6</div> | <div align="center">15.6</div> | <div align="center">64</div> | <div align="center">63</div> |- bgcolor="#eeeeff" | Perchloric Acid (HClO4) | <div align="center">100.46</div> | <div align="center">1.67</div> | <div align="center">70.5%</div> | <div align="center">11.7</div> | <div align="center">11.7</div> | <div align="center">85.5</div> | <div align="center">85.5</div> |- bgcolor="#ccddee" | Perchloric Acid (HClO4) | <div align="center">100.46</div> | <div align="center">1.67</div> | <div align="center">61.3%</div> | <div align="center">9.5</div> | <div align="center">9.5</div> | <div align="center">105.5</div> | <div align="center">105.5</div> |- bgcolor="#eeeeff" | Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) | <div align="center">97.995</div> | <div align="center">1.71</div> | <div align="center">85.5%</div> | <div align="center">14.8</div> | <div align="center">44.4</div> | <div align="center">67.5</div> | <div align="center">22.5</div> |- bgcolor="#ccddee" | Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) | <div align="center">98.073</div> | <div align="center">1.84</div> | <div align="center">96%</div> | <div align="center">18</div> | <div align="center">36</div> | <div align="center">55.5</div> | <div align="center">28</div> |- bgcolor="#eeeeff" | Ammonium Hydroxide<br> (NH4OH) | <div align="center">35.046</div> | <div align="center">0.90</div> | <div align="center"> 56.6%</div> | <div align="center">14.5</div> | <div align="center">14.5</div> | <div align="center">69</div> | <div align="center">69</div> |- bgcolor="#ccddee" | Sodium Hydroxide<br> (NaOH) | <div align="center">39.997</div> | <div align="center">1.53</div> | <div align="center">50.5%</div> | <div align="center">19.4</div> | <div align="center">19.4</div> | <div align="center">51.5</div> | <div align="center">51.5</div> |- bgcolor="#eeeeff" | Potassium Hydroxide<br> (KOH) | <div align="center">56.105</div> | <div align="center">1.45</div> | <div align="center">45%</div> | <div align="center">11.7</div> | <div align="center">11.7</div> | <div align="center">85.5</div> | <div align="center">85.5</div> |} <blockquote></blockquote> [[Category:Buffer_Recipe]]
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